Durhamformerly Dunhuline

Durham (formerly Dunhuline), a city and parliamentary borough on the river Wear, capital of the county of the same name. The town is built upon several heights, and has, besides its noted cathedral and castle, a town hall, a new hall, prison, grammar school, university, training college for mistresses, free schools, and several churches. The chief industries are the making of carpets and of mustard. The cathedral is on a kind of peninsula running east and west, and almost surrounded by the Wear, which flows in a picturesque ravine beneath. St. Cuthbert's shrine was established here in 995, and the present building was constructed by Bishop William in 1093, and its appearance justifies the description, "half church of God, half castle 'gainst the Scot." It is associated with both St. Cuthbert and the venerable Bede. The castle - nowthe University - was founded in 1072 by William I. A college was founded in 1290 by the Prior and convent; but this fell into abeyance, until the Dean and Chapter applied for a charter, which was granted in 1837, for the University already founded in 1832. In 1846 Hatfield Hall became incorporated with the University. Most of the University arrangements follow those of the older universities. Durham returns one member to Parliament.