Cumberland

Cumberland. 1. A county in the extreme N.W. of England, is bounded on the N. and N.W. by Scotland, on the S. by Lancashire, Westmoreland, Durham, and Northumberland, on the E. and N.E. by Northumberland and Durham, and on the W. by the Irish Sea, Its surface is mountainous and on the whole sterile, but it abounds in lakes and rivers. The principal lakes are Derwentwater, Ulleswater, Wastwater, Thirlmere, Bassenthwaite, and Buttermere, and the principal rivers the Eden, the Irthing, the Esk, and the Derwent. There are two distinct ranges of mountains, one running N., the other S., of which the most lofty elevations are Scaw Fell Pike (3,210 feet), Scaw Fell (3,162), Helvellyn (3,118), Skiddaw (3,058), Bow Fell (2,960), and Great Gable (2,949). Valuable minerals are to be found in most of the moors and mountains, including lead, iron, coal, limestone, slate, quartz, spar marble, silver, and copper. Wheat, oats, turnips, and barley form the staple crops. The principal manufactures are earthenware, wool, flax, and cotton. The county has an area of 1,564 square miles, and is divided into four parliamentary divisions, each returning a member. 2. A river of the United States, rises in the Cumberland mountains, Kentucky, flows through the north of Tennessee, re-enters Kentucky, and falls into the Ohio, 59 miles above the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi.