Calchaqui

Calchaqui, a South American people widely dispersed over the northern provinces of the Argentine republic, but now much mixed with the Spanish populations. After sustaining an almost continual warfare for 120 years against the Spaniards, they were at last reduced in 1670, when large numbers were massacred. They occupied the extensive basin of the Rio Juramento, which from them is often called the Calchique Valley. The surrounding settlements of Cafayate, Tinogasta, Tolombon, and Fiambala are also named from now extinct Calchiqui tribes.