Ruskin, John. Born in London in 1819. Educated at Oxford. In 1843, appeared the first volume of "Modern Painters," which created a revolution in modern art and the estimation of artistic qualities. The remaining volumes were published in 1846, 1856, and 1860. Of Ruskin's other works on art, the chief are the "Seven Lamps of Architecture," and "Stones of Venice." About 1860 he became deeply interested in the social problems of the age, and published "Unto This Last," and "Munera Pulveris." Among his later works are "Sesame and Lilies," "The Ethics of the Dust," and "The Crown of Wild Olive," and "Praeterita," a charming, though uncompleted autobiography. Mr. Ruskin was appointed Rede Lecturer at Cambridge in April, 1867, and the senate conferred the degree of LL.D. upon him, May 15th. From 1869-1879, and during 1883-84, he was Slade Professor of Fine Arts at Oxford. Ruskin was obliged to resign the post in 1884 on account of failing health. For several years prior to his death, he lived in retirement at Brantwood on Lake Coniston. Died 1900.

---