Newman, John Henry, Cardinal. Born in 1801. Theologian, son of a London banker. Graduated from Trinity College, Oxford, in 1802, and was elected Fellow of Oriel. He took orders in 1824, in 1825 became vice-principal of St. Alban's Hall, and in 1828, became vicar of St. Mary's. He took a leading part in the Tractarian movement, and in 1841, wrote "Tract XC" which was severely condemned. After living at Littlemore for some years in seclusion, he was received into the Roman church in 1845. Founded the Brompton oratory in 1850, and directed the Edgbaston oratory for the greater part of his remaining years. He took part in controversies with Kingsley in 1864, and with Gladstone in 1874, and accepted the Infallibility dogma with some reservations. He was created cardinal in 1879. Chief among his works were "Apologia pro Vita Sua, an Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent," and "The Dream of Gerontius." Died 1890.

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